CLl-PAST-OBJ
16 tu Brand new REFLEXIVE PREFIX When you look at the ZULU — Good TYPOLOGICAL Angle Sonja Age. Bosch In this article I shall look at the the new root of your own reflexive prefix when you look at the Zulu, spending attention to the process of grammaticalization in which lexemes develop into grammatical formatives. Given that reflexivization in a number of Bantu languages is compared, the content have been in the type of an effective typological research. For the Lehmann s () conversation of your own phenomena which happen to be known as reflexive, it’s fascinating to remember he takes on four kinds of reflexives, namely 0) autophoric nouns which are average nouns particularly looks, air, heart, direct one to ple, for the Sanscrit the newest noun dtman meaning air, soul, as well as in Basque, the fresh new noun burua meaning direct, are acclimatized to express the equivalent of English worry about. Autophoric nouns utilized once the reflexives usually are followed by a great possessive pronoun, such as next analogy off Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani stamina:acc set:area placing stamina during the himself (ii) reflexive nouns that are nouns expressing the definition mind and absolutely nothing else, for instance the Italian language selbst me and you may Finnish itse as the depicted regarding the following instances: 344
17 German (2) Ich komme selbst I am future me Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-lorsque? want-2.sg-int citation-acc.pl notice-all-poss.2.sg Would you like brand new entry yourself? For the languages particularly Finnish, Hungarian and you may Turkish reflexive nouns simply take possessive affixes, whilst in almost every other languages such as for example Italian language or the Romance languages, these types of nouns commonly typically alongside possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns with the main purpose of it comes back to the subject, such as the German sich during the: Italian language (4) Sie waschen sich He could be washing themselves (iv) spoken reflexives which happen to be verb affixes appearing the action in some way affects the topic, as in another advice: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-pick the guy watched himself Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di child tidy-refl-after dark guy sparkling himself Lehmann () emphasizes your limitations between your groups is actually fluid and states why these five types of reflexive issues are actually with the a scale regarding broadening grammaticalization.
This basically means, you can discover so it since a continuum off alter that may feel illustrated the following: 345
18 Lexical product Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) provides advice in different dialects in order to train the alterations which have took place otherwise will still be taking place from one class so you can the following. The whole process of transform was confirmed from the Faltz () exactly who, for their morphological distinction between a few main particular reflexives, namely NP-reflexives which could incorporate an affordable morpheme acting as head of the reflexive noun keywords, and you will spoken reflexives, including recenzja vietnamcupid reflexive pronouns which can be cliticized on the verb, remarks: Dialects will get change from one to pole towards most other, indeed, eg course is actually necessarily from the NP-reflexive pole on verbal reflexive rod. For the Zulu reflexiveness is actually knew as a good prefix and this individually precedes new verb stalk. The latest reflexive prefix are invariable in shape, for example it’s good morphological shape and this remains ongoing aside from the category to which the antecedent belongs. That is demonstrably depicted regarding the after the advice into the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the-guy he-himself strike the kid strike himself (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini the fresh new-girl she-herself-find in-mirror Their notices herself regarding the reflect Throughout these instances -zi- is the reflexive morpheme in addition to strategies away from hit and watch try brought straight back abreast of the respective grammatical victims, which is, guy and you may woman. It is fascinating you to in the generative studies, a life threatening notion is done toward root build out-of phrases who has reflexives, namely NP1 — V — NP1. At first glance, particularly a housing was ungrammatical in the Bantu languages in case your a couple of NPs try co-referential and you can identical in shape, elizabeth.grams. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho cheated Sipho When you look at the Zulu particularly a sentence is made grammatical by insertion of good reflexive prefix about verb and the newest removal of the co-referential noun. e.grams. 346
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