The brand new start of egg putting having hens is actually impacted by genotype, health system standing and you can ecological conditions. Regional breeds (white eggshell breeds-Padovana and you can Polverara; shaded eggshell breeds-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and Robusta Lionata) regarding the Veneto part, in the Northern Italy, had been reared external away from springtime (six weeks old; 6 WA) in order to trip and you may winter season. The latest start of installing ranged depending on the breed (22–28 WA): only the tinted eggshell types started laying after summer/beginning of trip, about presence away from a lessening pure photoperiod, in addition to eggs development endured for most months. In the 38 WA, artificial light are slowly added to new photoperiod locate 14L:10D, as well as 42 WA, the six types was in fact laying. To have hens reared outdoors, affairs among environment, system times and you will nutritional standards is highly recommended. The knowledge for the energetic give and you can egg quality of the newest local breed hens are of help toward handling of the fresh new birds as well as for an adequate way to obtain egg, for field and brooding throughout every season.
Abstract
The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>
step 1. Addition
Over the last pair ages, interest in dual-goal poultry types might have been expanding, for biodiversity and you can ethical concerns. Considering the improvements in the genetic developments to have yield performance inside the hybrid hens carried out by a number of reproduction businesses all over the world , biodiversity is among the secret principles out-of sustainability to possess food and farming . The fresh ethical affect animal hobbies was a deeper crucial question, and therefore considers not merely the newest rearing criteria of birds however, as well as the administration. This new guys off egg coating hybrids try killed once hatching, because they do not perform the important growth and slaughtering quality requested for the industry . Additionally, crossbreed broilers tell you of many physical difficulties, that don’t allow them to enjoys sufficient well-getting criteria, and free-range rearing options try increasing as they allow it to be chickens to raised reveal the natural conduct [3,4]. From inside the Italy, this new Veneto region features a lengthy lifestyle regarding chicken reproduction, a few poultry breeds have been around for the majority of centuries, and in the middle of the very last century, some dual-goal purebreds are built having fun with light- and you will brown-eggshell types . The original reputation one to distinguishes the types, centered on their provider, ‘s the shade of brand new eggshell, as chicken genotypes has another phylogenetic supply, having progressed individually on crazy Gallus genus shortly after domestication, and many human anatomy services differ between them. Following category suggested by the Ghigi, from inside the 1905, this new home-based chicken breeds can be divided into around three organizations, based on its morphological, biological and you will functional features . You can find types, which are such wild Gallus genus, showing very early growth and sexual maturity and you can a high production of eggs which have light eggshells. Quite the opposite, you’ll find types highly different from insane Gallus , proving put off gains and you can sexual maturity, reduced egg design having brownish eggshells, and you can, from the 3rd classification, there are advanced types, labeled as twin-goal types, and therefore show intermediate characteristics, with an increase of similarity on the breeds belonging to the very first otherwise second group . Actually, it is known the types creating egg with light eggshells features human anatomy development, a good metabolic profile and you may structure much more suitable for high egg production than brownish eggshell breeds. Which physiological updates, really shown by the light eggshell hybrids [eight,8], implies that the newest mineral intake is employed for the majority of of skeletal and you may muscle growth until the onset of installing and then utilized for eggs development, to prevent competition to the ate diet ranging from human body Find Asian Beauty datingsajter innovation and you can eggs creation. Now, education, based on SNP assortment, genotyped of several poultry breeds and you can hybrids throughout the world to check on the fresh new hereditary variety anywhere between and you may in communities toward effective handling of poultry hereditary info [nine,10]. Variations in genetic assortment inside people was in fact shown between your very chose industrial coating lines and some African, Southern American and some local Asian and you will Eu types , plus specific Italian types .
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